实像与虚像、商品与虚物
显像的因素：
方式（扫描器、电子光学等）
目标（频带、构造等）
结果（层面、萤幕解析度等）
电子光学显像：运用映射、反射面等方式将物的资讯内容重现。
显像是几何光学科学研究的关键难题之一。
（1）灯源与发亮点
灯源：已经发亮的物块。
发亮点：灯源抽象性为理想化的线光源。
实发亮点：具体传出光源的发亮点。
虚发光斑：光源或其反向延长线的相交点。
发亮点仅有几何图形部位，没有尺寸。
灯源能够抽象性为发亮点的标准：限度。
（2）光源与光线
光源：发光物传出的含有辐射源动能的线框。
光线：在室内空间上具备一定关联的光源的结合。
同舟光线，也称单心光线（concentricbeam,homocentricbeam）：光源自身或延伸线交于一点。
匀称各向异性的全透明物质中，同舟光线相匹配比较有限远方发亮点传出的球面波或无限远方发亮点传出的平面波。
（3）光具组与理想化光具组
（4）光学电子系统的物点与像点
物点：对光具组而言，入射角线的发亮点或同舟光线的端点。
商品点：传出同舟光线的物点。
虚物点：汇聚入射角线的端点、或出射同舟光线延伸线的相交点。
像点：历经光具组后，出射同舟光线的光心相交点或端点。
实像点：汇聚同舟光线的端点。
虚像点：散发同舟光线反向延长线的端点。
探讨
①物和像全是由一系列的点组成的，物点和像点一一对应。
②商品、实像的实际意义取决于有光源具体发自或根据该点，而虚物、虚像只是是由光的直线传播特性给人的眼睛导致的一种幻觉，事实上并没有光源历经该点。
③物和像具备相对，虚实之间还可以开展变换。
物方与像方、物与像的共轭点性
High-Quality Optical Glass Convex Lens Manufacturer: Imaging Principles of Optical Lenses / Jingliang Optoelectronics
Real Image vs. Virtual Image, Product vs. Illusion
Factors Affecting Imaging:
• Method (e.g., scanners, electron optics)
• Target (e.g., frequency band, structure)
• Result (e.g., dimensions, screen resolution)
Electron Optics Imaging:
Electron optics imaging recreates the information of an object using methods such as mapping and reflection.
Imaging is one of the key issues in the study of geometric optics.
(1) Light Source and Luminous Point
• Light Source: A physical object that emits light.
• Luminous Point: An abstraction of the light source as an idealized line light source.
• Real Luminous Point: The actual point from which the light source emits light.
• Virtual Luminous Point: The intersection point of the light source or its reverse extension.
• Characteristics of Luminous Point: A luminous point only occupies a geometric position without any physical size.
Criteria for Abstracting a Light Source into a Luminous Point:
• Limitation: The ability to simplify the light source to an idealized point for geometric analysis.
(2) Light Source and Light Rays
• Light Source: A line containing radiative energy emitted from a luminous object.
• Light Rays: A collection of light sources with a specific relationship in space.
Concentric Rays (also known as single-focus rays, concentric beam, or homocentric beam):
These are light rays whose source or its extended lines intersect at a single point.
In a transparent medium with uniform and anisotropic properties, concentric rays correspond to:
• Spherical Waves: Emitted by a finite distant luminous point.
• Plane Waves: Emitted by a luminous point at an infinitely distant location.
(3) Optical System and Ideal Optical System
(4) Object Points and Image Points in an Optical-Electronic System
• Object Point: For an optical system, it is the luminous point of an incident ray or the endpoint of concentric rays.
• Real Object Point: A point that emits concentric rays.
• Virtual Object Point: The endpoint where incident rays converge or the intersection point of the extension of emerging concentric rays.
• Image Point: After passing through the optical system, it is the intersection point or endpoint of the optical axis of the emerging concentric rays.
• Real Image Point: The endpoint where concentric rays converge.
• Virtual Image Point: The endpoint where the extension of diverging concentric rays intersect in the opposite direction.
Discussion
1. Objects and Images: Both are composed of a series of points, and each object point corresponds to an image point.
2. Physical Meaning: Real objects and real images are meaningful because actual light sources originate from or pass through those points. Virtual objects and virtual images, however, are optical illusions caused by the straight-line propagation of light and do not involve actual light passing through those points.
3. Interchangeability: Objects and images have a relative relationship, and real and virtual states can interchange.
4. Conjugate Nature: The object and image sides, as well as object points and image points, exhibit a conjugate relationship in an optical system.
